INTRO: General William Tecumseh Sherman stands out as one of the most significant military figures in American history, particularly during the Civil War. His innovative tactics and strategies revolutionized warfare and left an indelible mark on military history. This article delves into ten fascinating facts about General Sherman, shedding light on his contributions and lasting legacy.
General Sherman Was the First U.S. General to Use Total War
General William Tecumseh Sherman is credited with popularizing the concept of "total war," a military strategy that seeks to intimidate and break the will of the enemy by targeting not only their armed forces but also the economic infrastructure and civilian morale. During the Civil War, Sherman believed that the South’s ability to continue fighting depended on its resources and civilian support. Thus, he aimed to cripple the Confederacy by destroying railroads, factories, and even crops, demonstrating a shift from traditional battle tactics to a more comprehensive approach that would ensure a swift end to the conflict.
He Commanded the Notorious March to the Sea in 1864
Sherman is perhaps best known for his infamous "March to the Sea," which commenced in November 1864, when he led around 60,000 Union soldiers from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. This military campaign was marked by its ruthless efficiency and psychological warfare, aiming to demoralize the Confederate population. The march involved widespread destruction of infrastructure and supplies, showcasing Sherman’s commitment to total war and significantly impacting the South’s ability to sustain its military efforts.
Sherman’s “March to the Sea” Was Over 285 Miles Long
The March to the Sea spanned an impressive 285 miles, a feat that demonstrated not only the logistical prowess of Sherman’s army but also its resolve. The march took approximately three weeks, during which Sherman’s troops lived off the land, foraging and confiscating supplies as needed, which further deprived the Confederacy of vital resources. The successful completion of this campaign solidified Sherman’s reputation as a formidable military leader and showcased his ability to conduct large-scale operations in hostile territory.
He Played a Key Role in the Capture of Atlanta, Georgia
Prior to his March to the Sea, Sherman played a crucial role in the Union’s campaign to capture Atlanta, a key strategic city for the Confederacy. Under his command, Union forces engaged in a series of battles throughout the summer of 1864, ultimately leading to the city’s fall in September. The capture of Atlanta provided the Union with a significant morale boost and served as a vital transportation and supply hub, further aiding Sherman’s subsequent military endeavors.
General Sherman Was a Close Friend of Ulysses S. Grant
Sherman shared a deep and enduring friendship with Ulysses S. Grant, who was appointed as the commander of all Union forces. Their relationship was built on mutual respect and shared military philosophy, which proved critical during the Civil War. Sherman often supported Grant’s strategies and campaigns, and their collaborative efforts contributed significantly to the Union’s ultimate victory. The bond between the two men was so strong that Sherman once said, "I would follow him to hell," highlighting their unwavering loyalty and trust in one another.
He Introduced Modern Warfare Tactics in the Civil War
Sherman’s strategies during the Civil War foreshadowed modern warfare tactics, emphasizing mobility, speed, and psychological impact. His use of railroads for troop movement and supply lines, along with his emphasis on destroying enemy resources, reflected a departure from the static, entrenched warfare of previous conflicts. Sherman’s innovative approach has influenced military leaders worldwide and is studied in military academies as a foundational example of modern warfare.
Sherman’s Name Lives On in the Iconic Tree Species
The name "General Sherman" is not only associated with military history but also with one of the largest living trees in the world, the General Sherman Tree, located in Sequoia National Park, California. This colossal giant sequoia stands at approximately 275 feet tall and is estimated to be over 2,000 years old. Named in honor of Sherman in the late 19th century, this tree symbolizes strength and endurance, akin to the general’s own legacy in American history.
He Served as the Commander of the U.S. Army Post-Civil War
After the Civil War, Sherman was appointed as the Commanding General of the United States Army, a position he held from 1869 to 1883. During his tenure, he focused on addressing various issues, including the rebuilding of the Army and managing conflicts with Native American tribes during the westward expansion. His leadership helped shape the post-war military landscape and laid the groundwork for future U.S. military operations and policies.
General Sherman Was Born in Lancaster, Ohio, in 1820
William Tecumseh Sherman was born on February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. He was the sixth of nine children in a prominent family. After his father’s death when he was just nine years old, Sherman faced financial hardships but excelled academically. His upbringing instilled in him a strong sense of duty and leadership, traits that would define his future military career. Sherman later attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1840, which set the stage for his illustrious career.
His Memoirs Remain a Classic in American Military Literature
Sherman’s memoirs, published posthumously in 1875, are considered a classic in American military literature. In these writings, he offers profound insights into his experiences during the Civil War, his thoughts on military strategy, and his reflections on leadership and conflict. His candid and analytical style provides a valuable perspective on the challenges faced by military leaders of his time, making his memoirs an essential resource for historians and military enthusiasts alike.
OUTRO: General William Tecumseh Sherman’s life and career were marked by influential strategies and pivotal moments that shaped the United States during a critical period in its history. From his innovations in military tactics to his enduring legacy in both warfare and nature, Sherman remains a significant figure in American history whose contributions continue to be studied and admired.